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Project Description

Please note that we are a research service provider, not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Conjunctival Lymphoma

Conjunctival lymphoma is a rare and unique form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which usually starts in the conjunctiva—a delicate membrane that protects the front surface of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. Protheragen is leading the market in diagnostic and therapeutic services developments in the field of conjunctival lymphoma, providing tailored solutions for the research and pharmaceutical industries.

Overview of Conjunctival Lymphoma

Conjunctival lymphoma is an uncommon yet important aspect of ocular cancer and stems from a malignancy of lymphocytic origin which is manifested by uncontrolled multiplication of lymphocytes in the conjunctiva. This makes up about a quarter of all ocular adnexal lymphomas and is basically known as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) of type. Other subtypes involve the follicular and diffuse large B cell and mantle cell lymphomas.

Histological analysis of extraconjunctival marginal B-cell lymphoma.

Fig.1 Histology of a conjunctival extranodal marginal B-cell lymphoma (EMZL). (McGrath L. A., et al., 2023)

Diagnostic Methods for Conjunctival Lymphoma

Histopathological Examination
The histopathology of conjunctival tumors utilizes biopsy specimens to confirm the presence of monoclonal lymphoid proliferation, which also aids in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. Tumor morphology is assessed by staining formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Immuno-phenotyping by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against CD3, CD5, CD20, and CD79α facilitates the differentiation of B and T cells.
Serological and Molecular Testing
A full serological study is an integral step in the diagnosis that includes complete blood counts, renal and liver function tests, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β2m levels. Serologies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and antibodies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are also carried out for possible covert infections. Other investigations employing molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), are becoming more common in the detection of genetic alterations and evaluation of the cytogenetic elements.

Therapeutics Development for Conjunctival Lymphoma

Targeted Therapies

Rituximab, one of the most used monoclonal antibodies, is administered alongside chemotherapy for systemic involvement or high-risk cases due to its ability to enhance therapeutic response. Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is an anti-CD20 antibody that has been radiolabelled to deliver radiation specifically to CD20 positive B-cells. Response rates in refractory cases using this radioimmunotherapy type have been excellent with minimal ocular toxicity.

Antibiotic Therapy

Antibiotics may be of value in addressing particular instances of conjunctival lymphoma. In cases where EMZL is associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection, Doxycycline and Clarithromycin have been shown to work effectively. These medications attack the disease-causing agents resulting in the regression of lymphomatous lesions. Still, their application is limited and usually set aside for patients with verified infection or in areas where Chlamydia psittaci is very common.

Our Services

Protheragen provides complete diagnostics and therapeutic development services for conjunctival lymphoma aimed at fostering the discovery and validation of new biomarkers, drug targets, and therapeutic candidates.

Diagnostics Development

Karyotype Analysis Service
Omics Analysis Service
Biomarker Development Service
Artificial Intelligence Service
Customized Diagnostics Development Service

Therapeutic Development

Small Molecule Drug
Cell Therapy
Gene Therapy
Therapeutic Antibody
Therapeutic Peptide
Therapeutic Protein

Disease Models

Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) Models
Antigen-Challenge Mouse Models
Rabbit Inflammatory Conjunctival Models
Chicken Conjunctival Models

Preclinical Research

Pharmacodynamics Study Services
Pharmacokinetics Study Services
Drug Safety Evaluation Services
Customized Research Services

The efficient diagnostics and therapeutics of conjunctival lymphoma warrants the adoption of innovative means and creation of a scientific fusion. A professionally developed set of services offered by Protheragen is aimed towards progress in this area. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

References

McGrath, Lindsay A., et al. "Conjunctival lymphoma." Eye 37.5 (2023): 837-848.
Tanenbaum, Rebecca E., et al. "Classification, diagnosis, and management of conjunctival lymphoma." Eye and Vision 6 (2019): 1-16.