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Please note that we are a research service provider, not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) encompasses a range of neoplastic processes that affect the eye's surface. Protheragen provides integrated diagnostics and therapeutics development service for OSSN, using modern technologies and knowledge of eye cancer.

Introduction to Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is a neoplastic condition in which OSSN lesions blend features of dysplastic and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) affecting the vague outer layer of the eyeball—conjunctiva. This is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the eye's surface, such as the cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus. OSSN can manifest in the form of gelatinous or leukoplakic lesions or more aggressive nodular-ulcerative forms. The frequency of OSSN is not the same everywhere, being notably more common in equatorial regions and older Caucasian males.

The corresponding histopathological appearance of the round acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (original magnification×200 hematoxylin and eosin).

Fig.1 The corresponding histopathological appearance of the round acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. (Alharbi I., et al., 2024)

Diagnostic Method for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
In vivo confocal microscopy makes it possible to inspect neoplastic tissue at the cellular level, which detects anomalies such as pleomorphism and hyperreflectivity. The technique also captures cellular details which helps to differentiate malignant lesions from the benign ones. Limitations of this technique include a lack of visualization of keratinized or necrotic tissue, and the interpretation tends to be much more difficult in comparison to other regions of healthy tissue.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Ultrasound biomicroscopy is useful for visualizing the intraocular peripheral extension and infiltration of adjacent structures. It is also useful for seeing the posterior margin of lesions to help flag possible overt cases of intraocular invasion. This technique is clearly beneficial, at least for thick, nodular, and post-operative lesions.

Therapeutics of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)

Therapeutics	Target	Description	Research Stage
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)	DNA Synthesis	A pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidine synthase, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis. It is effective as a primary and adjuvant therapy for OSSN.	Approved
Mitomycin C (MMC)	DNA Synthesis	An alkylating agent that induces DNA cross-linking and apoptosis. Used as an adjuvant to surgical excision, MMC reduces recurrence rates significantly. However, it has more severe side effects compared to 5-FU and IFNα-2b.	Approved
Interferon α-2b (IFNα-2b)	Immune Modulation	Enhances immune mechanisms, inhibits protein synthesis, and induces apoptosis. IFNα-2b is effective as a primary and adjuvant therapy, with low toxicity and high success rates (81–92%). It is often preferred over surgery due to its minimal side effects.	Approved
Cidofovir	DNA Viruses (e.g., HPV)	An antiviral agent used in refractory cases of OSSN, particularly those associated with HPV. It has shown success in reducing tumor size and preventing recurrence in limited studies.	Approved
Bevacizumab	VEGF Inhibition	An anti-VEGF agent is used in refractory or recurrent OSSN cases. It inhibits angiogenesis and has shown promise in reducing tumor size, though long-term data are limited.	Approved
Ranibizumab	VEGF Inhibition	Another anti-VEGF agent with potential benefits in treating OSSN, particularly in cases with significant vascularization.	Approved

Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.

Our Services

Protheragen comprehensively develops diagnostics and therapeutics for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN). We are developing targeted therapies such as IFNα-2b, 5-FU, and MMC, as well as new anti-VEGF therapeutics. These services aim to expedite the discovery and validation processes of novel diagnostics and therapeutics while maintaining the highest standards of effectiveness and safety.

Diagnostics Development

Karyotype Analysis Service
Omics Analysis Service
Biomarker Development Service
Artificial Intelligence Service

Therapeutic Development

Small Molecule Drug
Cell Therapy
Gene Therapy
Therapeutic Antibody
Therapeutic Peptide
Therapeutic Protein

Disease Models

UV-Induced OSSN-like Lesions Mouse Models
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs)
Genetic and Chemical Manipulation Zebrafish Models

Preclinical Research

Pharmacodynamics Study Services
Pharmacokinetics Study Services
Drug Safety Evaluation Services
Customized Research Services

Protheragen provides robust preclinical research services for OSSN, focusing on the development and validation of diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

References

Alharbi, Ibrahim, et al. "Variable presentations of six conjunctival/limbal ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) cases: How good is our clinical judgment evidenced by the correlation to the histopathological findings and diagnosis?" International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 116 (2024): 109359.
Tsatsos, Michael, et al. "Update in the Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14.5 (2025): 1699.