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Project Description

Please note that we are a research service provider, not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Orbital Schwannoma

Orbital schwannomas represent a subset of complex, nuanced tumors that, if ignored, may result in troublesome morbidity. At Protheragen, we provide fully integrated diagnostics and therapeutics development services for orbital schwannomas.

Introduction to Orbital Schwannoma

Schwannomas of the orbit are uncommon, benign tumors originating from the peripheral nerve sheath of Schwann cells, and make up 1% of all neoplasms of the orbit. Most of these tumors develop from the sensory nerves, the supra-orbital and the supratrochlear nerves, and are well-defined and slow to grow. They clinically appear as ocular proptosis, the painless eruption of the eye, or an orbital mass which is moveable and often changes over months to years. Orbital schwannomas are mostly asymptomatic when small but often become very symptomatic when larger due to the compression of neighboring structures.

Histopathological Study of Orbital Schwannoma.

Fig.1 H&E stain demonstrating Antoni's A and Antoni B regions. (Chaskes M. B., et al., 2020)

The unconstrained cell proliferation associated with certain neurofibromatosis syndromes is thought to result from biallelic deletion of tumor suppressor genes like neurofibromin on 17q11.2 and merlin on 22q11.2. These changes bring about the excessive proliferation of Schwann cells accompanied by tumor development. The intricate composition of the orbit, being richly supplied with nerve fibers and orbital fat, frequently complicates localization of the nerve responsible.

Histopathological Examination of Orbital Schwannoma

Analysis is an important component for diagnosing orbital schwannomas accurately. These tumors have two different histological patterns. The first one is described as Antoni Type A where there are dense spindle cells containing palisading and Verocay bodies. The second form, Antoni Type B, consists of loosely arranged cells within a myxoid matrix. Immunohistochemical analysis often reveals strong positivity for S-100 protein, SOX10, p16, vimentin, and neurofibromin which serves to differentiate the schwannomas from other orbital lesions.

Therapeutics Development for Orbital Schwannoma

Targeted Therapies
Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the progression of schwannoma has been the focus of recent research. This work may be translated into practical applications in the form of targeted therapies in the future. For example, schwannomas tend to have mutations in the Merlin gene, which encodes the neurofibromin-2 tumor suppressor protein.

Immunotherapy
The utilization of immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors and other immune-modulating agents, adds new possibilities for treating orbital schwannomas. Further studies need to be conducted in order to assess the effectiveness and safety of these therapeutics in this population.

Our Services

Protheragen has been at the forefront of integrated diagnostics and therapy development for orbital schwannomas to create tailored therapies. With the help of certain technology, our entire service package guarantees the earliest possible intervention, precise diagnosis, and dependable therapeutic approach. Protheragen tackles a wide range of tasks by providing clients with bespoke solutions through an optimized multidisciplinary approach.

Diagnostics Development

Karyotype Analysis Service
Omics Analysis Service
Biomarker Development Service
Artificial Intelligence Service
Customized Diagnostics Development

Therapeutic Development

Small Molecule Drug
Cell Therapy
Gene Therapy
Therapeutic Antibody
Therapeutic Peptide
Therapeutic Protein
Customized Therapy Development

Disease Models

Nf2 ^flox/flox Mouse Models
Human Schwannoma Xenograft Mouse Models (HEI-193 or JEI-001)
NF2-Associated Schwannoma PDX Model
SC4 Schwannoma Cell Line

Protheragen recognizes the unique needs of each research project and offers customized services to meet those requirements. Our flexible approach ensures that clients receive tailored solutions for their specific challenges. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

References

Chaskes, Mark B., and Mindy R. Rabinowitz. "Orbital schwannoma." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 81.04 (2020): 376-380.
Kim, Kwang Seog, et al. "Schwannoma of the Orbit." Archives of craniofacial surgery 16.2 (2015): 67.