Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC)
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid cancer characterized by rapid tumor growth and poor prognosis. Our company, a leader in biological research and drug development, has been at the forefront of advancing anaplastic thyroid cancer drug and therapy development services.
Introduction to Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC)
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive and rare form of thyroid cancer that accounts for approximately 2% of all thyroid malignancies. It typically arises from pre-existing well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas, such as papillary or follicular thyroid cancer, but can also develop de novo. ATC is characterized by the loss of thyroid cell differentiation and the acquisition of mesenchymal features, leading to rapid tumor growth, invasion into surrounding tissues, and distant metastasis.
Pathology of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC)
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Histologically, ATC exhibits pleomorphic and undifferentiated cells with high mitotic activity and areas of necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis often reveals loss of thyroid-specific markers, such as thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), further confirming the loss of thyroid differentiation. ATC tumors also display extensive tumor angiogenesis, which is associated with the production of pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Fig. 1 Molecular targets in anaplastic thyroid cancer. (Ferrari S. M., et al., 2020)Targets of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) Therapy
TP53：TP53 mutations are prevalent in ATC and are associated with resistance to conventional therapies. Targeting TP53 may help restore tumor suppressor function and sensitize ATC cells to therapeutics.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway: Dysregulation of this pathway is common in ATC and promotes cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. Inhibitors targeting various components of this pathway have shown potential in preclinical studies.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR): EGFR overexpression has been observed in ATC and is associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of EGFR signaling has shown promise in preclinical trials.
Angiogenesis: The VEGF pathway plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis. Targeting VEGF or its receptors has shown potential in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis in ATC.
Therapies of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC)
- Chemotherapy: Conventional chemotherapy remains a standard therapeutic option for ATC, although response rates are generally low. Combination chemotherapy regimens, such as the Doxorubicin-Cisplatin combination, have shown some efficacy in improving outcomes.
- Targeted Therapies: Small molecule inhibitors targeting specific molecular aberrations, such as TP53 mutations or the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, are being developed. These targeted therapies aim to disrupt critical signaling pathways involved in ATC progression.
- Immunotherapies: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in reactivating the immune response against ATC. Additionally, adoptive cell transfer and monoclonal antibody therapies are being explored to enhance antitumor immune responses.
Fig. 2 Molecular and therapy of ATC. (Jannin A., et al., 2022)Our Services
Our team of experts is dedicated to developing diagnostics and therapeutic approaches for ATC. Through extensive research and collaboration, we aim to identify and validate new molecular targets and design innovative drug candidates and therapies.
Therapy Development Platforms
Animal Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC)
Our preclinical research services focus on evaluating the efficacy and safety of potential ATC therapies using our developed animal models. Through rigorous testing and analysis, we provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of drug candidates, enabling informed decision-making for further development.
| Orthotopic Model Development | ||
| Our company offers comprehensive orthotopic model development services, enabling researchers to study the local invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic responses of ATC in a physiologically relevant environment. By utilizing fluorescent labeling or bioluminescent imaging techniques, we can track tumor growth, metastasis, and response to therapeutics in real time. | ||
| Genetic Engineering Model Development | ||
| By utilizing advanced gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9, we can introduce specific mutations or alterations to study their impact on ATC development and response to therapeutics. | ||
| Optional Models |
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| Optional Species | Mouse, Rat, Non-human primates, Others | |
Furthermore, we offer a wide range of personalized animal models tailored to meet various requirements. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us for further information and details regarding pricing and related services.
References
- Ferrari S. M., et al. "Novel treatments for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma." Gland surgery 9.Suppl 1 (2020): S28.
- Ma M., et al. "Immunotherapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer." American Journal of Translational Research 12.3 (2020): 974.
- Jannin A., et al. "Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: an update." Cancers 14.4 (2022): 1061.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.