Malignant Mesothelioma (MM)
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor that primarily arises from the pleural or peritoneal cavities. It is a challenging disease to treat, as it develops after asbestos exposure and is characterized by insidious growth and presentation at an advanced stage. At our company, we are committed to advancing therapeutic options for malignant mesothelioma through our comprehensive diagnostics and therapy development services.
Introduction to Malignant Mesothelioma (MM)
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and aggressive cancer that originates in the mesothelial cells, which form the lining of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, or tunica vaginalis. The majority of MM cases (up to 80%) are pleural in origin, known as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Malignant mesothelioma is characterized by its insidious growth, difficulty in early detection, and poor prognosis. Currently, the incidence is about 7 to 40 cases per 1 million people in Western industrialized countries.
Pathogenesis of Malignant Mesothelioma (MM)
The primary contributing factor to the development of malignant mesothelioma (MM) is exposure to asbestos. Asbestos, a group of naturally occurring minerals, gained popularity across various industries due to its remarkable heat resistance and durability. However, the inhalation or ingestion of asbestos fibers can lead to their accumulation within the mesothelial lining, triggering chronic inflammation and causing damage to DNA. Over time, these genetic alterations can predispose individuals to the development of malignant mesothelioma.
Fig. 1 Preclinical models of malignant mesothelioma (MM). (Sargen Michael R., et al., 2021)Targets of Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) Therapy
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Extensive research has identified several key molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma. Among the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes detected in malignant mesothelioma cells are CDKN2A/ARF, NF2, and BAP1. The alterations of NF2 and BAP1 genes are relatively characteristic of MM. These genetic alterations play a crucial role in the dysregulation of cell signaling pathways and contribute to the aggressive behavior of malignant mesothelioma.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)
The dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as EGFR, MET, and FGFR, has been observed in malignant mesothelioma cells. While activating mutations of these genes are rare, the overexpression and functional activation of RTKs provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Targeting these molecular pathways holds promise for the development of novel therapies that can selectively inhibit malignant mesothelioma growth and improve outcomes.
Therapies of Malignant Mesothelioma (MM)
- Therapeutic approaches for MM encompass a multimodal strategy, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Surgery aims to remove visible tumors and can be performed as a curative or palliative measure depending on the stage of the disease. Radiation therapy utilizes high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells and relieve symptoms. Chemotherapy, often a combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed, is the standard systemic therapy for MM. However, its efficacy is limited, and alternative therapeutic options are needed.
- Targeted therapy, which focuses on specific molecular targets involved in MM development, holds great promise. Inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as EGFR and MET, have shown potential in preclinical and early clinical trials. Other targets, such as the Hippo pathway and histone modifiers, are also being explored as potential avenues for therapy development. The development of targeted therapies requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and careful evaluation of preclinical models.
Our Services
We offer state-of-the-art diagnostic tools to accurately detect and stage MM, including biomarker analysis and genetic testing. In tandem with diagnostics, we specialize in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for malignant mesothelioma.
Therapy Development Platforms
Animal Models of Malignant Mesothelioma (MM)
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of potential MM therapies, the use of relevant animal models is essential. Our company specializes in the development of robust animal models that closely mimic the characteristics of malignant mesothelioma in humans.
| Genetic Engineering Model Development | ||
| Our company specializes in the development of genetically engineered malignant mesothelioma models, combining cutting-edge genetic engineering techniques with extensive knowledge of MM biology to provide customized and reliable models for clients worldwide. | ||
| Optional Modifier Genes | Cdkn2a, Nf2, Bap1, Others | |
| Humanized Animal Model Development | ||
| Humanized mouse models replace the mouse immune system with a human immune system, providing a more accurate representation of the human MM microenvironment. NSG mice, deficient in the interleukin 2 receptor gamma subunit (IL-2Rγ), are commonly used for humanization. Our company offers comprehensive humanized mouse model development services, utilizing state-of-the-art techniques and expertise to create reliable and reproducible models for malignant mesothelioma research and drug development. | ||
| Optional Species | Mouse, Rat, Non-human primates, Others | |
Furthermore, we offer a wide range of personalized animal models tailored to meet various requirements. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us for further information and details regarding pricing and related services.
References
- Sargen Michael R., et al. "Sebaceous carcinoma epidemiology and genetics: emerging concepts and clinical implications for screening, prevention, and treatment." Clinical Cancer Research 27.2 (2021): 389-393.
- Wu Albert, et al. "Cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma." Australasian Journal of Dermatology 61.3 (2020): e283-e292.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.