Eales Disease
Eales disease is an idiopathic condition characterized by occlusive vasculitis impacting the mid-peripheral retina. It features retinal venous inflammation (periphlebitis), vascular occlusion, and subsequent retinal neovascularization. Our company is fully equipped to meet your needs in developing drugs and therapies for treating Eales disease.
Introduction to Eales Disease
Eales disease is a rare, idiopathic inflammatory retinal vasculopathy primarily affecting young males between the ages of 20 and 40. It is characterized by retinal periphlebitis, occlusion, and subsequent neovascularization, often leading to recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. The condition is more commonly reported in the Indian subcontinent, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 135 to 200 individuals.
Pathogenesis of Eales Disease
Eales disease's pathogenesis involves retinal periphlebitis, leading to retinal ischemia and increased VEGF production. This results in neovascularization, with new, fragile blood vessels causing recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. Neovascularization can occur near the optic disc or elsewhere in the retina, and in rare cases, it can lead to neovascular glaucoma. The condition's severity ranges from mild periphlebitis to extensive retinal detachment and hemorrhage in advanced stages.
Fig. 1 Scanner view of eyeball. (Vega Memije, M.E., et al., 2017)Biomakers of Eales Disease
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α): Elevated levels of these cytokines have been observed during the inflammatory stages of Eales disease. They represent potential biomarkers for disease activity and targets for immunotherapy, aimed at controlling inflammation and preventing angiogenesis.
Therapeutics Development of Eales Disease
Small molecule drugs are often used to modulate biological pathways implicated in Eales disease. Prednisone and triamcinolone are commonly used to control inflammation. They reduce retinal vasculitis and macular edema but come with potential side effects like elevated intraocular pressure and cataract formation.
Monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific molecules involved in the inflammatory and neovascular processes of Eales disease. Bevacizumab (Avastin) and ranibizumab (Lucentis) are monoclonal antibodies that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of neovascularization.
Cell therapies involve the transplantation of cells to replace or repair damaged retinal tissues, offering a potential for long-term therapy of Eales disease. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, including retinal cells. Research is ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of stem cell transplantation in restoring retinal function in Eales disease.
Gene therapy aims to correct genetic defects or modulate gene expression to treat diseases at the molecular level. Techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to correct mutations or regulate genes involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. This approach could potentially provide a long-term cure by addressing the underlying genetic factors of Eales disease.
Our Services
Our company embraces a partnership-driven approach. We work closely with clients to develop customized, innovative Eales Disease therapy strategies and provide strong support throughout the process.
Platforms of Eales Disease Therapy Development
Animal Models of Eales Disease
We possess established expertise in developing and using animal models that accurately replicate the disease characteristics and therapeutic responses. These models allow us to assess the safety and efficacy of potential therapies.
| Non-Genetically Engineering Models | ||
| We offer a variety of models tailored to specific research needs related to Eales Disease. These models enable researchers to simulate and investigate the complex biological processes involved in Eales Disease. | ||
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| Genetically Engineered Models | ||
| Our proficiency in genetic engineering techniques, including CRISPR/Cas9 technology, enables us to create precise and reliable models that replicate the genetic alterations seen in Eales Disease. | ||
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| Optional Species | Mice, Rats, Non-human primates, Others | |
Additionally, we can offer other comprehensive Animal models services that focus on specific signaling pathways and molecular targets.
If our services interest you, please contact us at your earliest convenience for more details.
References
- Shah, A., et al., "Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular biologic study of an enucleated specimen of a case of Eales' disease." J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect, (2021). 11(1): p. 29.
- Raizada, K. and Tripathy, K., Eales Disease, in StatPearls. 2024: Treasure Island (FL).
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.