Ampullary Carcinoma
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Ampullary carcinoma is an uncommon tumor, with an incidence of about 0.2% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms and about 7% of the diagnosed periampullary tumors. They originate from the ampullary complex which is located distal to the junction between the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. At Protheragen, we aid in the improvement of the diagnosis and management of rare gastrointestinal diseases such as ampullary carcinomas. We have extensive experience in carrying out all types of preclinical studies, so we can offer a complete set of development services for these conditions.
Ampullary carcinoma is a form of cancer that occurs in the ampulla of Vater (AV). AV is a small opening located in the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. It serves to convey secretions from the pancreas and bile duct into the intestine. The histology of ampullary carcinomas differs among the subtypes more specifically, papillary, adenosquamous, mucinous, and adenocarcinomas. A significant study found the incidence of ampullary carcinoma, on average, was about 0.5/100 000 from the year 1970 to 2010.
Fig.1 Molecular characteristic of ampullary adenocarcinomas. (Nappo, G., et al., 2023)Most ampullary carcinomas are adenocarcinomas. Even though they are morphologically homogeneous, ampullary carcinomas can stem from different epithelial cells which could cause different genomic changes among the tumors. They can be further classified into two principal subtypes: intestinal and pancreatobiliary.
Differentiation between those subtypes is aided by biomarkers such as CDX2 and MUC1. Those with the pancreatobiliary subtype (which originates from the common bile duct or distal pancreatic duct epithelium, both negative for CDX2 and positive for MUC1) tend to have a worse prognosis than the pancreatobiliary subtype. The other is typical of the intestinal subtype, originating from ampulla epithelial, MUC1 negative and CDX2 positive.
Fig.2 Histology specimens of ampullary carcinomas. (Walter, D., et al., 2023)
| Drug Names | Mechanism of Action | Targets | NCT Number | Research Phase |
| CAPOX | Functions by impairing the DNA structure of quickly dividing cancer cells, causing a decrease in their proliferation. | TYMS, DNA | NCT06068023 | Phase II |
| mFOLFORINOX | Inhibition of DNA formation in malignant cells through crosslinking DNA strands. | / | NCT06813976 | Phase III |
| Vandetanib | Suppresses two parallel pathways of tyrosine kinase activity by VEGFR-2 and EGFR. | EGFR, VEGFR | NCT00753675 | Phase II |
| NUC-1031 | Overcome major resistance of cancer cells. | DNA synthesis | NCT02351765 | Phase I |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Our aim as a company is to offer researchers the appropriate tools and information that aid in improving innovations and delivering results. A scientific team works in conjunction with you to identify your research requirements and develop tailored solutions which may include diagnostic, therapeutic, and disease model development. Furthermore, we offer comprehensive testing services, ranging from efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and drug safety testing to assessing the viability of new therapeutic compounds.
An animal model is excellent for studying the mechanisms of ampullary carcinomas and catalyzes drug development efforts. Our firm specializes in custom animal model development services for ampullary carcinomas and other infrequent gastrointestinal disorders to aid in screening novel therapeutic drugs and studying tumor biology.
Transplanted tumor models can be developed by inoculating human ampulla carcinoma cells in immunocompromised mice.
For the effective formulation of therapy approaches, an analysis of the pathogenesis and biological features of ampullary carcinoma is required. We at Protheragen appreciate the difficulties accompanying the investigation of rare gastrointestinal disorders such as ampullary carcinoma and devise specialized project-based solutions to expedite therapeutic development. Feel free to contact us if you would further like to learn the details of our services and pricing.
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All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.