Inactivated vaccines are safe ways of stimulation immune reaction and also efficient for the prophylaxis of some infectious diseases. In this respect, we are committed to make strategic partnerships, stimulate innovations and conduct comprehensive studies toward new frontiers in the field of inactivated vaccine development.
Overview of Inactivated Vaccines
The primary goal of inactivated vaccines is to stimulate an immune response without inflicting the actual disease. These types of vaccines consist of inactive versions of the pathogens while live-attenuated vaccines use weakened forms of the pathogen. Unlike live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines comprise pathogens that have been made incapable of inflicting disease. Inactivated vaccines are prepared using non-viable bacteria and viruses.
Fig. 1 COVID-19 inactivated vaccines and mechanisms of action. (Liu Y, Ye Q., 2022)
How Do Inactivated Vaccines Work?
The action of the inactivated vaccine relies on the concept of identification of a foreign body by the immune system and responding to it. With the application of an inactivated vaccine, the immune response is directed to the components of the pathogen. This response comprises the activation of different immune effector cells including B and T cells.
B Cell Activation
Inactivated vaccines are addressed to primarily trigger B cells to synthesize neutralizing antibodies. These molecules latch onto surface pathogen molecules and call for ignoring the entry into host cells. By mounting a vigorous antibody response, these vaccines bolster resistance in the body to further encounters with the pathogen.
T Cell Activation
T cells are critical components of the cellular immune system. Non-living, so-called inactivated vaccines, are less efficacious in terms of cellular immunity than living-attenuated-vaccines, nonetheless, these vaccines do activate some T cell subsets and assist in immune defense against the pathogen.
Common Inactivated Vaccines for Infectious Disease Prevention
Various inactivated vaccines have been created and have shown great success in the prevention and control of infectious disorders. Here are some common examples of inactivated vaccines:
| Vaccine Name |
Targets |
Indications |
Status |
| Polio Vaccine |
Structural proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3) and non-structural proteins (2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C) |
Polio |
Available on the market |
| Hepatitis Vaccine |
Viral capsid protein VP1; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) |
Hepatitis infections |
Available on the market |
| Influenza Vaccine |
Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins |
Seasonal influenza |
Available on the market |
| Rabies Vaccine |
Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) |
Rabies |
Available on the market |
| Pertussis Vaccine |
Pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN), and fimbriae (FIM) |
Pertussis |
Available on the market |
| Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine |
Viral envelope protein |
Japanese encephalitis |
Available on the market |
| Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Vaccine |
Envelope protein (E) and the pre-membrane protein (prM) |
Tick-borne encephalitis |
Available on the market |
Our Services
Inactivated vaccines employ inactivated or dead pathogens to stimulate the immune system and provide protection against infectious diseases. In the domain of vaccine development, our company remains as one of the leaders, and therefore we invest in advancing the preclinical development of inactivated vaccines. Our efforts are directed toward utilizing the immunity of inactivated pathogen for protection of wide range of infectious diseases.
Workflow of Inactivated Vaccine Development
Target Pathogen Research
Our specialists carry out a detailed investigation and appraisal in order to understand the characteristics, epidemiology and the effects of the pathogens of interest to us.
Pathogen Inactivation
We carry out heat treatment, chemical inactivation or irradiation of the pathogens while at the same time ensuring that the pathogens retain its immunogenicity but lose its infectivity.
Preclinical Studies
Vaccine candidates are formulated inactivated vaccines and preclinical studies on them are carried out to test their safety and immunogenicity.
Isolation and Cultivation
The target pathogens are isolated and grown in a suitable laboratory environment. The conditions required for the pathogenic organisms to grow are enhanced.
Vaccine Formulation
The immunogenicity of the inactivated pathogen is also improved by formulating it together with adjuvants and other suitable components after purification.
Advantages of Inactivated Vaccines
- Safety and Stability
- Induction of Humoral Immunity
- Flexibility and Customizability
- Suitable for Immunocompromised Individuals
- Ability to be formulated into multivalent vaccines
- Reduce the risk of reverting to pathogenicity
Our objective is to create inactivated vaccines that are safe, effective and beneficial worldwide. To achieve this, we target new opportunities and solve problems by integrating advanced technologies with multi-field specialist collaborations. If you want more information about our services, or for related service quotes, do not hesitate to reach out to us.
References
- Liu Y, Ye Q. Safety and Efficacy of the Common Vaccines against COVID-19[J]. Vaccines, 2022, 10(4): 513.
- Hotez P J, Bottazzi M E. Whole inactivated virus and protein-based COVID-19 vaccines[J]. Annual Review of Medicine, 2022, 73(1): 55-64.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use
only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
