Live-attenuated vaccines have proven to be effective in combating particular infectious diseases. Our company is entirely focused on the creation of live-attenuated vaccines with the aim of enhancing the prevention of infectious diseases.
What is a Live-attenuated Vaccine?
In comparison to the routine inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, also termed as live vaccines, have distinct characteristics. The pathogens in live-attenuated vaccines are weakened or altered so as to not cause disease while still being intact and able to provoke a strong immune response. Live-attenuated vaccines differ from inactivated vaccines in the sense that they tend to provide a stronger, longer, and overall elevated immune response.
Fig. 1 Principles of live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) using genetic code expansion. (Mossie T, 2022)
Immunological Mechanism of Live-attenuated Vaccines
Generally, live-attenuated vaccines provoke a broader immune response, ranging from a cellular response to humoral response.
Cellular Immunity
An important characteristic of live-attenuated vaccines is the active involvement of the CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes. The function of these T-cells is to locate infected cells and eliminate them, thereby aiding in control of the infection.
Humoral Immunity
Moreover, the B-cells secrete antibodies in response to live-attenuated vaccines which provide protection against the virus.
The aforementioned mechanisms of antibody production along with T cell mediated immune responses make it feasible to use live-attenuated vaccines to develop strong and long-lasting immunity. That type of immunity often does not need further vaccine boosts in later life, and for this reason live-attenuated vaccines are very good for use in prevention of infectious diseases.
Live-attenuated Vaccines for Infectious Diseases
Various types of live-attenuated vaccines have been introduced against different types of infectious diseases with the astonishing success. The most notable are as follows:
- Influenza (flu) Vaccines (LAIV)
- Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR)
- Polio Vaccine
- Smallpox Vaccine
- Chickenpox Vaccine
- Yellow Fever Vaccine
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
- Shingles Vaccine
- Rotavirus Vaccine
- Cholera Vaccine
- Tuberculosis Vaccine
- Oral Typhoid Vaccine
Our Services
The invention of live-attenuated vaccines has changed the way diseases are prevented as it provides effective and long lasting protection against a number of infectious diseases. Our company specializes in the preclinical development of live-attenuated vaccines. Moreover, we have a broad spectrum of experience and expertise that is geared towards designing new and safer strategies for combating and preventing an entire range of pathogens.
- Feasibility Studies
We have the skills to help you and your organization assess the possibility of creating a live-attenuated vaccine for a disease of interest to you.
- Lead Optimization
We assist you in the optimization of your live-attenuated vaccine candidates by replacing components and enhancing formulations to make them safer and more effective.
- Attenuation Service
The techniques that are employed to develop the parental strain aim at lowering the general virulence of the specialized microorganisms while retaining the replication and immune response abilities.
- Preclinical Testing
We are set to begin important preclinical testing of your live-attenuated vaccine candidate in appropriate animal models for efficacy and safety evaluation.
Development Workflow of Live-attenuated Vaccines
Isolation of the Wild-type Strain
We extensively communicate with the clients and determine the pathogen targeted by the vaccine through feasibility studies. Then, our scientists isolate the wild-type strains of the pathogen from infected individuals or animals.
Passaging and Attenuation
Isolated wild-type strains are taken into laboratories where cell cultures or animals are used as passaging systems. From these methods, we then employ serial passaging and genetic engineering techniques to further attenuate the strains while maintaining their ability to replicate inside the host cells.
Characterization of the Attenuated Strain
The assessment on the genetic stability, inducing immune response, and growth fundamentals ensures that the selected strain is immunogenic, has reduced virulence and has tenable stability.
Preclinical Testing
The attenuated strain is experimented with animal models for its immunogenicity as well as its safety. This enables the determination of further tests dosage and route of administration.
Advantages of Live-attenuated Vaccines
- Production of a robust, strong antibody
- Cell-mediated immune response
- Long-lasting immunity
- Quick onset of action
- Natural antigen presentation
- Potential for broader protection
With the help of advanced research, creative efforts, and effective working relations, we work towards expanding the boundaries of live-attenuated vaccination services. Please don't hesitate to contact us for further information or quotes related to any of our services.
References
- Mossie T. Review on Recent Advance in Veterinary Vaccine[J].
- Karron R A, Atwell J E, McFarland E J, et al. Live-attenuated vaccines prevent respiratory syncytial virus-associated illness in young children[J]. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2021, 203(5): 594-603.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use
only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
