Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye condition affecting premature infants born before 31 weeks, characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth on the retina, potentially leading to severe vision problems. Our company is highly capable of meeting your needs for drug and therapy development in treating Retinopathy of Prematurity.
Overview of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity is a vasoproliferative disorder affecting the retina of preterm infants, which can lead to blindness if untreated. The incidence of ROP varies globally, heavily influenced by the quality of neonatal care. In developed countries, the incidence ranges from 14,000 to 16,000 cases annually in the US alone. However, in low and middle-income countries, the incidence can be significantly higher, reaching up to 30% in some regions.
Pathogenesis of Retinopathy of Prematurity
The pathogenesis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) involves two main phases. The first phase occurs after premature birth, where retinal blood vessel growth ceases due to increased oxygen levels, leading to vessel obliteration and reduced VEGF levels. The second phase is triggered by retinal hypoxia, resulting in an overproduction of VEGF and other growth factors, causing abnormal and excessive neovascularization. This leads to the formation of fragile new vessels prone to bleeding and retinal detachment.
Fig. 1 Treatment of ROP is based on understanding pathogenesis. (Smith, L.E., et al., 2013)New Diagnostic Methods of Retinopathy of Prematurity
- Novel biomarkers have been identified and researched extensively, improving the accuracy of ROP diagnosis. These biomarkers include metabolites, cytokines, growth factors, non-coding RNAs, gut microbiota, and oxidative stress indicators.
- The integration of digital retinal imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized ROP diagnosis. AI algorithms, particularly deep learning systems, can analyze retinal images with high efficiency and accuracy, identifying ROP and its severity. This reduces subjectivity and observer variability associated with traditional methods.
Therapeutics Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Small molecule drugs have shown promise in modulating pathways involved in ROP. These drugs often target specific proteins or enzymes to inhibit pathological processes. For instance, inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) such as Bevacizumab have been used to treat ROP effectively by preventing abnormal blood vessel growth.
Gene therapy offers a avenue for treating ROP by targeting the genetic causes of the disease. This approach involves introducing or modifying genes within the retinal cells to correct abnormalities or enhance protective mechanisms. For example, using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to deliver therapeutic genes directly to retinal cells is being explored.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are engineered to target specific molecules involved in ROP. Anti-VEGF mAbs, such as Ranibizumab and Aflibercept, are used to inhibit VEGF activity, reducing neovascularization and preventing disease progression. These therapies provide an alternative to laser therapy and offering a targeted approach with fewer side effects.
Research has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and retinal progenitor cells can potentially regenerate retinal tissues and restore function. These cells can be injected into the vitreous cavity of the eye, where they help in repairing the damaged retinal vasculature and promoting normal development.
Our Services
Our company adopts a partnership-driven approach. We work closely with clients to develop customized, innovative strategies for Retinopathy of Prematurity therapy, providing comprehensive support throughout the entire process.
Platforms of Retinopathy of Prematurity Therapy Development
Animal Models of Retinopathy of Prematurity
We possess extensive expertise in developing and utilizing animal models that closely replicate the characteristics and therapeutic responses of the disease. These models allow us to assess the safety of potential therapies effectively.
| Non-Genetically Engineering Models | ||
| We offer a variety of model options tailored to meet specific research requirements for Retinopathy of Prematurity. These models enable researchers to simulate and investigate the complex biological processes associated with the condition. | ||
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| Genetically Engineered Models | ||
| Our expertise in genetic engineering techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9 technology, allows us to generate accurate and reliable models that recapitulate the genetic alterations observed in human Retinopathy of Prematurity. | ||
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| Optional Species | Mice, Rats, Non-human primates, Others | |
In addition to these models, our comprehensive services encompass other models that target specific signaling pathways and molecular targets.
If our services align with your goals, please contact us for more details.
References
- Smith, L.E., et al., "The biology of retinopathy of prematurity: how knowledge of pathogenesis guides treatment." Clin Perinatol, (2013). 40(2): p. 201-214.
- Rivera, J.C., et al., "Understanding retinopathy of prematurity: update on pathogenesis." Neonatology, (2011). 100(4): p. 343-353.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.