Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is a rapid-onset condition resulting from the exposure of the body to high levels of penetrating radiation within a brief timeframe. Our company is committed to developing cutting-edge diagnostics and therapeutics for the management of ARS. As your reliable partner in ARS research, we offer streamlined and comprehensive solutions to meet all your scientific research requirements.
Overview of ARS
Radiation emergencies, such as nuclear accidents or detonation of atomic bombs, can have severe consequences on human health. One critical condition that arises from high-dose radiation exposure is ARS. ARS, also known as radiation toxicity or radiation sickness, is an acute illness resulting from the irradiation of the entire body or a significant portion of it by penetrating radiation within a short period. ARS is generally rare and its incidence is difficult to estimate.
Fig. 1 Wharton's Jelly-Derived MSC for therapeutics of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). (Bandekar, Mayuri, et al., 2021)Pathogenesis of ARS
The main underlying cause of ARS is the depletion of immature parenchymal stem cells in specific tissues due to radiation exposure. The severity of ARS is influenced by factors such as the dose of radiation, duration of exposure, and the specific body areas affected. ARS is characterized by three classic syndromes.
| Syndrome Name | Irradiation Dose | Symptom | Survival Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow Syndrome (Hematopoietic Syndrome) | 0.7-10 Gy (70-1000 rads) | The destruction of the bone marrow causes blood cell counts to drop, making the individual susceptible to infection and bleeding. | Death within a few months |
| Gastrointestinal Syndrome | 10-50 Gy (1000-5000 rads) | Destruction of stem cells in the bone marrow and lining of the gastrointestinal tract leads to infection, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. | Death within two weeks |
| Cardiovascular/Central Nervous System Syndrome | Greater than 50 Gy (＞5000 rads) | Symptoms include circulatory collapse and increased cranial pressure due to edema, vasculitis, and meningitis. | Death within three days |
Strategies of ARS Therapy Development
Promote Blood Cell Production
Radiation exposure often results in depletion of immature parenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow, resulting in decreased blood cell production and impaired immune function. Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are a class of drugs that stimulate the production of blood cells and can help counteract bone marrow suppression caused by radiation exposure.
Inhibit Inflammatory Responses
Excessive inflammatory responses triggered by radiation exposure can lead to tissue damage and exacerbate ARS symptoms. Cytokine inhibitors, such as anti-inflammatory drugs or monoclonal antibodies targeting specific cytokines, can inhibit the excessive inflammatory response triggered by radiation exposure to reduce tissue damage.
Prevent Radiation Damage
Radioprotective agents and radiomitigators protect cells and tissues from radiation damage by targeting specific pathways of radiation-induced damage. Common radioprotective agents include amifostine, which scavenges free radicals and mitigates DNA damage, and mesna, which aids in shielding the bladder from radiation-induced toxicity.
Our Services
As a frontrunner in the field of biological research and CRO services, our company is dedicated to offering holistic solutions for the diagnostics development and therapy research of ARS. Through collaborations with industry experts, we have established all-encompassing platforms for rare diseases to facilitate ARS therapy development.
Platforms of ARS Therapy Development
Recognizing the significance of dependable animal models in ARS disease research, our company is committed to offering animal model development services that facilitate preclinical research and aid in drug discovery endeavors.
Animal Models of ARS
| Induced Models | |
|---|---|
| We specialize in utilizing controlled radiation exposure to induce symptoms of ARS in animal models. Our team of scientists customizes a radiation exposure protocol based on your specific requirements, simulating relevant scenarios or occupational exposures. This involves carefully determining the radiation dose, dose rate, and method of irradiation, such as total body or partial irradiation, to accurately replicate the desired conditions. | |
| Optional Models | Radiation-Induced Model |
| Optional Species | Rodents (Mice, Rats, Rabbits), Canines (Beagles), Minipigs, Non-Human Primates (NHP), Others |
With complete animal species resources, we can meet your diversified preclinical research including drug safety evaluation and pharmacokinetic analysis. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information for related services.
References
- Bandekar, Mayuri, et al. "Preclinical studies and clinical prospects of Wharton's Jelly-derived MSC for treatment of acute radiation syndrome." Current Stem Cell Reports 7.2 (2021): 85-94.
- Hollingsworth, Brynn A., et al. "Acute radiation syndrome and the microbiome: impact and review." Frontiers in Pharmacology 12 (2021): 643283.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.