Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is another serious, potentially life-threatening condition of the lungs, involving high levels of inflammation and excess fluid in the lungs that leads to respiratory failure. Our company is active in the pioneering research of diagnosing and treating rare diseases like ARDS. We are ready to fulfill your specific research needs.
Introduction to ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ARDS is a syndrome that has broad spectrum inflammation and edema within the lungs, leading to acute respiratory failure. The world average incidence of ARDS is within the range of 10.1 to 86.2 cases per 100,000 person-years, that is roughly 4,800 – 39,500 people in USA each year. ARDS is characterized by an inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the alveolar spaces and a failure in the respiration oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanges in the body.
Fig.1 Injury to alveolar–capillary barrier (Bos, L. D. J., and Ware, L. B., 2022)Pathogenesis of ARDS
Pathophysiology of ARDS is complex, resulting from the lung and systemic injuries, inflammation, and coagulation. Possible triggers of ARDS include pneumonia, sepsis, gastric aspiration, and severe trauma. All the above factors provoke an immune response leading to the release of inflammatory mediators which damage the lung tissue and gas exchange structures.
Fig.2 Causes of ARDS. (Bos, L. D. J., and Ware, L. B., 2022)Biomarkers for ARDS Diagnostics
Biomarkers are the keys to understanding the pathogenesis of ARDS, with the potential to function not only as diagnostic and prognostic tools but also as platforms for identifying ARDS phenotypes and assessing therapeutic impact. Some protein biomarkers may have diagnostic and/or prognostic value of ARDS.
- ATP11A
- BORCS5
- AQP5
- MAP3K1
- MUC5B
- SH3GL1
- AGER
- FER
- PHD2
Therapeutics of ARDS
Small Molecule Drugs Therapy
Inhaled bronchodilators are fundamental to the primary therapeutic approach as they aid in dilation of the airways, and ease breathing. Immune suppression through lung inflammation or tissue damage prevention is through corticosteroids such as dexamethasone in a single oral dose. In some cases, bacterial infections which make ARDS worse may require antibiotics for effective management.
Cell Therapy
The application of mesenchymal stromal cells as therapeutics indicates a potential for cell therapy for ARDS. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow, umbilical cords, or adipose tissue have adaptive immune and reparative capabilities, and have the potential to help suppress inflammation associated with ARDS.
Gene Therapy
With the promise to treat ARDS, gene therapy has come to the forefront. For instance, administering an adenoviral vector encoding for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) intravenously, or doing intratracheal siRNA Fas silencing demonstrates a robust reduction in pulmonary inflammatory response.
Our Services
Our company stands at the forefront of this research. We provide a broad spectrum of services including animal models and therapeutic platforms. With your cooperation, we aim to improve the systems understanding and therapeutics ARDS utilizing the advanced technologies and proprietary expertise in ARDS pathophysiology.
Platforms of ARDS Therapy Development
Animal Models of ARDS
We offer animal models of ARDS for researchers to explore various aspects of the disease such as the pathogenesis, evaluation of different treatments, and the creation of novel cures.
| Chemical-induced Models | |||
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| Toxic drugs such as paraquat and amiodarone, when injected intravenously, expose the lungs to a slew of devastating implications. Through intratracheal instillation elements such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bleomycin, and oleic acid also can lead to ARDS. | |||
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| Physical-induced Models | |||
| VILI models involve subjecting animals to injurious mechanical ventilation settings, such as high tidal volumes, high inspiratory pressures, or rapid changes in lung volume, which can ARDS. | |||
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| Genetically Engineered Models | |||
| Genetically modified mice can be created to overexpress or lack specific genes associated with ARDS-related pathways. Which are used to study the specific genetic factors contributing to the development and progression of ARDS. | |||
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| Optional Species | Mice, Rats, Others | ||
We take pride in implementing state of the art approaches in ARDS research which allows us to provide animal models and other types of services needed for pharmacokinetics and drug safety evaluation analysis. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information of related services.
- Bos, Lieuwe D J, and Lorraine B Ware "Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes." Lancet 400.10358 (2022): 1145–1156.
- Zheng, Fei, et al. "Novel biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: genetics, epigenetics and transcriptomics." Biomarkers in medicine 16.3 (2022): 217–231.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.