Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical and potentially fatal lung condition characterized by severe inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, resulting in respiratory failure. Our company stands at the forefront of pioneering research in the realm of diagnosing and treating rare ailments like ARDS, offering comprehensive services tailored to meet your specific research requirements.
Introduction to ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) presents as a syndrome marked by widespread inflammation and edema within the lungs, ultimately culminating in acute respiratory failure. The incidence of ARDS falls within a range of approximately 10.1 to 86.2 cases per 100,000 person-years. The condition is typified by the inflammatory response within the lungs, leading to the buildup of fluid in the alveoli, compromising the effective exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (Fig.1).
Fig.1 Injury to alveolar–capillary barrier (Bos, L. D. J., and Ware, L. B., 2022)Pathogenesis of ARDS
The pathophysiology of ARDS is intricate, involving the intricate orchestration of various cascades of lung and systemic injury, inflammation, and coagulation. Triggers for ARDS may include factors such as pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, or severe trauma, eliciting an immune response that releases inflammatory mediators, causing damage to the delicate lung architecture, and disrupting gas exchange (Fig.2).
Fig.2 Causes of ARDS. (Bos, L. D. J., and Ware, L. B., 2022)Biomarkers for ARDS Diagnostics
Biomarkers are the keys to understanding the pathogenesis of ARDS, with the potential to function not only as diagnostic and prognostic tools but also as platforms for identifying ARDS phenotypes and assessing therapeutic impact. Some protein biomarkers may have diagnostic and/or prognostic value of ARDS.
- ATP11A
- BORCS5
- AQP5
- MAP3K1
- MUC5B
- SH3GL1
- AGER
- FER
- PHD2
Therapeutics of ARDS
Small Molecule Drugs Therapy
One of the primary therapeutic strategies includes the administration of bronchodilators to help dilate the airways and enhance breathing. Additionally, corticosteroids like dexamethasone are prescribed to alleviate lung inflammation and reduce immune-mediated tissue damage. Antibiotics may also be necessary to combat bacterial infections that can exacerbate ARDS symptoms.
Cell Therapy
Emerging therapeutic modalities, such as mesenchymal stromal cell therapy, hold promise in the therapeutic of ARDS. Mesenchymal stromal cells, with their versatile immunomodulatory and reparative properties, sourced from various tissues like bone marrow, umbilical cord, or adipose tissue, have shown potential in mitigating the inflammatory responses characteristic of ARDS.
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy for ARDS has surged as a beacon of hope. For example, deploying angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene via an adenovirus vector injected intravenously or intratracheal instillation of siRNA to silence the Fas gene has shown significant benefits, which have been observed to curb pulmonary inflammatory response remarkably.
Our Services
Our company stands at the forefront of this cutting-edge research, offering comprehensive services such as animal models and therapeutic platforms. By leveraging state-of-the-art technologies and expertise in ARDS research, we aim to help you enhance understanding and therapeutic outcomes in ARDS.
Platforms of ARDS Therapy Development
Animal Models of ARDS
Our company can offer animal models of ARDS, which allow researchers to investigate different aspects, including its pathogenesis, the effects of specific interventions, and the development of potential therapies.
| Chemical-induced Models | |||
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| Toxic drugs such as paraquat and amiodarone, when injected intravenously, expose the lungs to a slew of devastating implications. Through intratracheal instillation elements such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bleomycin, and oleic acid also can lead to ARDS. | |||
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| Physical-induced Models | |||
| VILI models involve subjecting animals to injurious mechanical ventilation settings, such as high tidal volumes, high inspiratory pressures, or rapid changes in lung volume, which can ARDS. | |||
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| Genetically Engineered Models | |||
| Genetically modified mice can be created to overexpress or lack specific genes associated with ARDS-related pathways. Which are used to study the specific genetic factors contributing to the development and progression of ARDS. | |||
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| Optional Species | Mice, Rats, Others | ||
Through our cutting-edge initiatives in ARDS research, we can offer animal models and other services to support your pharmacokinetics analysis and drug safety evaluation. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information of related services.
References
- Bos, Lieuwe D J, and Lorraine B Ware "Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes." Lancet 400.10358 (2022): 1145–1156.
- Zheng, Fei, et al. "Novel biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: genetics, epigenetics and transcriptomics." Biomarkers in medicine 16.3 (2022): 217–231.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.