Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular type that is associated with muscle weakness and fatigue. With our extensive experience and advanced technology, we support all stages of service from program design to drug development for myasthenia gravis.

Overview of Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition which is characterized as a chronic disorder of skeletal muscle and has weakness of the muscles and fatigue. There is an annual incidence of roughly 8 to 10 cases for every million which includes ptosis, diplopia, bulbar facial weakness, and limb weakness as symptoms.

Cellular and molecular therapeutic targets in autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

Fig.1 Immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, and therapeutic targets. (Masi, G., and O'Connor, K. C., 2022)

Pathogenesis of Myasthenia Gravis

The pathogenesis of this disease is caused by the development of autoantibodies against the acetylcholine nicotinic receptor at the neuromuscular junction which leads to muscle weakness and fatigue. The disease process is defined by an autoimmune pathology that results in loss of neuromuscular transmission. There is an autoimmune attack on certain proteins that ensure proper communication between nerves and muscles.

Diagnostics Development of Myasthenia Gravis

The first step in diagnosing this disease accurately is finding and characterizing particular subtypes of autoantibodies through antibody detection. There have been reports stating that myasthenia gravis can be identified with the help of autoantibodies for various types of diseases.

Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody
Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibody
Agrin antibody

Lipoprotein-related peptide 4 (LRP4) antibody
Titin antibody
Ryanodine receptor antibody

Therapeutics of Myasthenia Gravis

Small Molecule Drug Therapy

Myasthenia gravis sufferers may benefit from several compounds like cholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteriods like prednisone, and immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, cyclosporine, or mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus, which control immune response activities.

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

For the myasthenia gravis, monoclonal antibody therapies, particularly with complement inhibitors (eculizumab and ravulizumab), FcRn antagonists (rozanolixizumab), and anti-CD20 (rituximab) therapies have been very promising.

Cell Therapy

Cutting-edge therapeutic strategies for personalized medicine such as CAR-T and CAAR-T, which use engineered T cells to target specific diseases, provide the potential for developing novel therapies for disease.

Our Services

Our company is at the forefront of rare research, offering innovative solutions to improve the lives of individuals affected by myasthenia gravis. We offer animal models and therapeutics development platforms to promote advancements in therapeutic options and understanding of the disease's complexities.

Platforms of Myasthenia Gravis Therapy Development

Animal Models of Myasthenia Gravis

Understanding the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and the testing of possible therapy relies heavily on animal models. We developed a comprehensive animal model platform giving scientists access to different myasthenia gravis animal models which will facilitate advanced research.

Chemical-induced Models
Chemical induction models involve the administration of specific drugs to interfere with the function of the neuromuscular junction, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Optional Models	D-penicillamine-induced model
Genetically Engineered Models
Genetic engineering models leverage gene editing technologies to introduce mutations associated with myasthenia gravis in experimental animals to mimic the occurrence of disease.
Optional Models	Rag2^-/- model	FVB/N model
	Tgε26 model
Xenotransplantation Models
Xenotransplantation models involve the transfer of autoantibodies, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), or thymus tissue from myasthenia gravis individuals or other animals with myasthenia gravis to recipient animals.
Optional Models	Anti-AChR antibodies model	IgG1 or IgG2 induced model
	PBL model	thymus tissue transplantation model
Optional Species	Mice, Rats, Sheep, Non-Human Primates, Others

We offer all-inclusive services in Myasthenia gravis research, as well as help with pharmacokinetics and biosafety evaluations. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information of related services.

References

Bubuioc, Ana-Maria et al. "The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis." Journal of medicine and life 14.1 (2021): 7-16.
Masi, Gianvito, and Kevin C O'Connor. "Novel pathophysiological insights in autoimmune myasthenia gravis." Current opinion in neurology 35.5 (2022): 586-596.
Iorio, Raffaele. "Myasthenia gravis: the changing treatment landscape in the era of molecular therapies." Nature reviews 20.2 (2024): 84-98.

All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.

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