Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. Our company with extensive experience and advanced technology dedicated to supporting all stages of service from program design to drug development for diseases like myasthenia gravis.

Overview of Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that affects individuals by causing muscle weakness and fatigue. With an estimated annual incidence of 8-10 cases per million, myasthenia gravis presents with symptoms such as ptosis, diplopia, facial bulbar weakness, and limb weakness.

Cellular and molecular therapeutic targets in autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

Fig.1 Immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, and therapeutic targets. (Masi, G., and O'Connor, K. C., 2022)

Pathogenesis of Myasthenia Gravis

The pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis involves the production of autoantibodies at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. The disease is characterized by dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in a breakdown of communication between nerves and muscles due to an autoimmune attack on specific proteins.

Diagnostics Development of Myasthenia Gravis

Identifying and defining specific subtypes of autoantibodies through antibody detection is essential for accurate diagnosis and personalized therapy development. It has been reported that a variety of autoantibodies can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody
Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibody
Agrin antibody

Lipoprotein-related peptide 4 (LRP4) antibody
Titin antibody
Ryanodine receptor antibody

Therapeutics of Myasthenia Gravis

Small Molecule Drug Therapy

Several small molecule drug therapies, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids (prednisone), and immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil or tacrolimus), can help control the immune response in myasthenia gravis individuals.

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

Monoclonal antibody therapies have emerged as a promising therapy option for myasthenia gravis. Therapies such as complement inhibitors (eculizumab and ravulizumab), FcRn antagonists (rozanolixizumab), and Anti-CD20 (rituximab) have shown effectiveness.

Cell Therapy

Novel approaches like CAR-T and CAAR-T cell therapies, which involve genetically modifying T cells to enhance the immune response against specific diseases, offer new avenues for personalized therapy development.

Our Services

Our company is at the forefront of rare research, offering innovative solutions to improve the lives of individuals affected by myasthenia gravis. We offer animal models and therapeutics development platforms to promote advancements in therapeutic options and understanding of the disease's complexities.

Platforms of Myasthenia Gravis Therapy Development

Animal Models of Myasthenia Gravis

Animal models play a vital role in understanding the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and testing potential therapeutics. Our company boasts an advanced and comprehensive animal model development platform that provides researchers with a variety of myasthenia gravis animal models to support their studies.

Chemical-induced Models
Chemical induction models involve the administration of specific drugs to interfere with the function of the neuromuscular junction, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Optional Models	D-penicillamine-induced model
Genetically Engineered Models
Genetic engineering models leverage gene editing technologies to introduce mutations associated with myasthenia gravis in experimental animals to mimic the occurrence of disease.
Optional Models	Rag2^-/- model	FVB/N model
	Tgε26 model
Xenotransplantation Models
Xenotransplantation models involve the transfer of autoantibodies, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), or thymus tissue from myasthenia gravis individuals or other animals with myasthenia gravis to recipient animals.
Optional Models	Anti-AChR antibodies model	IgG1 or IgG2 induced model
	PBL model	thymus tissue transplantation model
Optional Species	Mice, Rats, Sheep, Non-Human Primates, Others

Our expert researchers and technical support team are dedicated to offering a one-stop service for myasthenia gravis research, aiding in pharmacokinetics and biosafety evaluations. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information of related services.

References

Bubuioc, Ana-Maria et al. "The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis." Journal of medicine and life 14.1 (2021): 7-16.
Masi, Gianvito, and Kevin C O'Connor. "Novel pathophysiological insights in autoimmune myasthenia gravis." Current opinion in neurology 35.5 (2022): 586-596.
Iorio, Raffaele. "Myasthenia gravis: the changing treatment landscape in the era of molecular therapies." Nature reviews 20.2 (2024): 84-98.

All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.

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