Cholera, one of the dangerous infections caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, causes acute watery diarrhea, and is one of the pressing challenges that we as a team of experts have taken on wholeheartedly. Within our firm, we are focused on the unending quest for novel ideas in vaccine and therapeutic development.
Introduction to Cholera
Cholera is an infectious disease that poses a danger to those in unfortunate regions who don't have safe drinking water or sanitary conditions and can spread along contaminated food, the primary condition of cholera is profuse watery diarrhea, which in serious cases can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, when not treated effectively, can lead to life threatening circumstances.
Now lets talk about V. cholerae, the bacterium responsible for the occurrence, these can be found in water, those who consume shellfish or plankton are also at risk which takes the range higher for cholera infection. Even the littliest factor like a reduced gastric acidity, aged individuals and those with a weaker immunity are more prone to get infected with cholera.
Fig. 1 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of 21 V. cholerae strains based on mutational differences after excluding recombination events. (Hu D., et al., 2016)
Vaccine Development for Cholera
The invention of cholera vaccines is of paramount importance for the control of this ailment. It is known that vaccines act by eliciting the body's ability to identify and defeat an infection caused by cholera bacteria, thus preventing the person from getting reinfected. Different types of cholera vaccines have been developed including the following:
- Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCVs): This type of vaccine works in a way that mimics a natural infection with a cholera germ, thus providing immunity through the mucosa of the intestine. It is safe and effective, and some form of it can provide protection for five years.
- Parenteral Cholera Vaccines: These types of vaccine are less preferred to the previous type since one has to be injected but are meant to give short duration protection & unlike the other last mentioned type, they cannot prevent the spread.
- Live Attenuated Oral Cholera Vaccines: These types of vaccines encourage the consumption through mouth, and that would use a virulent strain of the cholera bacteria but in moderation. These types of vaccines are also easy to take but are at risk of turning back into a virulent strain.
- Killed Whole-Cell Vaccines: Of note is that Ocv and other exiting cell vaccines employ dead or inactivated bacteria of cholera that have been proven to be safe and have the ability to draw immunogenic responses.
Table 1 Current licensed/under development oral killed cholera vaccine. (Shaikh H., et al., 2020)
| Vaccine |
Manufacturer |
Developer |
Type |
WHO Prequalification |
| Dukoral® |
Valneva, France |
SBL Vaccin (Solna; University of Gothenburg, Sweden) |
Monovalent, Killed whole-cell vaccine O1 serogroup and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit. |
25-Oct-01 |
| Shanchol™ |
Shantha Biotechnics, (Hyderabad, India) Sanofi Company |
IVI |
Bivalent, killed whole-cell (O1 and O139 serogroups) |
29-Sep-11 |
| Euvichol® |
Eubiologics, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
IVI, Eubiologics |
Bivalent, killed whole-cell (O1 and O139 serogroups) |
23 Dec 2015/2017 |
| mORC-Vax™ |
Vabiotech, Hanoi, Vietnam |
IVI, Vabiotech |
Bivalent, killed whole-cell (O1 and O139 serogroups) |
No |
| OraVacs |
Shanghai United Cell Biotechnology, China |
Shanghai United Cell Biotechnology, China |
Inactivated whole-cell with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit |
No |
| Cholvax |
Incepta Vaccine Bangladesh |
IVI, icddr,b |
Bivalent, killed whole-cell (O1 and O139 serogroups) |
– |
| HillChol™ |
Incepta Vaccine Bangladesh |
MSD Wellcome Trust Hilleman |
Lab., University of Gothenburg Sweden |
Single strain whole-cell of recombinant |
Hikojima strain-MS1568 |
– |
Therapeutics Development for Cholera
Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)
Considering cholera as the IDD's primary focus ORT seems reliable since it restores fluid loss and electrolytic imbalance caused by the ingestion of mildly salty and sweet solutions.
Due to sever dehydration, IV fluids such as Ringer's lactate can be provided in some cases.
A bacterial infection of this nature can be addressed using antibacterial medications. A short-course of antibiotics will alleviate both the volume of diarrhea and the duration of shedding the bacterium. Such other antibiotics consist of ase dodgy line, azithromycin and tetracycline.
Zinc supplementation together with rehydration therapy reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea in children.
Our Services
Cholera is a disease that profoundly affects the human population and our company stands out in tackling this problem with merciless solutions of its own invention. We provide a wide array of services that encompass vaccine creation, therapy advancement and preclinical studies.
- Fasted Guinea Pig Models
- Ussing Chamber Models
- Infant Rabbit Models
- Ligated Rabbit Ileal Loop Models
- Guinea Pig Models
- Canine Models
- Rat Loop Models
- Nonhuman Primates Models
In addition, our cholera vaccine preclinical research services include various in vitro and in vivo studies such as pathogenesis studies, candidate identification and efficacy assessment. Should you be interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for contact us in order to give you in detail the quotation required for the services offered.
References
- Hu Dalong, et al. "Origins of the current seventh cholera pandemic." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.48 (2016): E7730-E7739.
- Shaikh Hanif, et al. "Current and future cholera vaccines." Vaccine 38 (2020): A118-A126.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use
only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
