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Project Description

Please note that we are a research service provider, not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Calicivirus Infection

Calicivirus infections arise from viruses that are members of the family Caliciviridae which are ss positive sense RNA viruses. We provide all encompassing research and development services directed at the advancement of calicivirus vaccine and therapy projects.

Overview of Calicivirus Infection

Caliciviruses belong to a class of non-enveloped viruses with single stranded RNA that are seriously pathogenic to humans and animals. These viruses have a distinct cup shape, typical of other members of the Caliciviridae family, which are known to mutate at a high rate which in turn complicates the development of suitable vaccines and therapies. Gastroenteritis in humans is associated with noroviruses while feline caliciviruses cause respiratory and systemic diseases in cats.

Fig.1 Diagrammatic representation of open reading frame (ORF) usage in different genomic and subgenomic RNAs of the Caliciviridae family. (Royall E., et al., 2016)

Vaccine Development for Calicivirus Infection

Human Norovirus Vaccines

The focus has been especially on the creation of human norovirus vaccines. Depending on the strategy, for example, virus-like particles (VLPs) have been incorporated to help elicit an immune response and do away with the requirement of live viruses thereby minimizing concerns of using live attenuated vaccines.

Feline Calicivirus Vaccines

Vaccine strategies against calicivirus in cats have now been accomplished by the development of effective inactivated or subunit vaccines that prevent outbreaks. These vaccines are said to be effective against across species strains but the genetic variation among the virus still remain as an issue.

Therapeutics Development for Calicivirus Infection

Antiviral strategies for Calicivirus infections aim towards inhibiting the replication of the virus. There are many classes of antiviral agents that are currently being developed and evaluated:

Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

TMPRSS2 clinical inhibitors NPI52 and GC376 have inhibited VZV growth with low efficacy values, additionally inhibiting the enzymes associated with the viral structure.

Nucleoside Analogues (NAs)

NAs like 20-C-methylcytidine (2CMC) integrate into the viral RNA matrix destroying the processes of replication by emulating the native nucleotides. These agents have exhibited strong antiviral activities against FCV and thus are of great interest in further therapeutic development.

Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors (NNIs)

These compounds, among them PPNDS, discriminate specific viral enzymes and do not behave as nucleotide analogues. Even though some NNIs were observed to possess inhibitory effects in enzyme assays, the efficacy in whole cell models still needs to be fully determined.

Broad-Spectrum Antivirals

Nitazoxanide is a potent antiviral drug that's potentially useful against FCV due to its low EC50 value metric. Its synergistic effect with other antivirals improves the outlook to use it as a therapeutic against F5 viruses.

Our Services

The existing work on the Calicivirus vaccine and therapy are definitely the much needed solutions against this very potent viral infectious agent which is the need of the hour. We assist you with professional vaccine and therapeutic development solutions through the employment of modern techniques and sound preclinical studies.

Vaccine Development

Live-attenuated Vaccine Development
Inactivated Vaccine Development
Toxoid Vaccine Development
Viral Vector Vaccine Development
Virus-like Particles Vaccine Development
Protein Subunit Vaccine Development
mRNA Vaccine Development
DNA Vaccine Development

Therapeutic Development

Preclinical Research

Pharmacodynamics Study Services
Pharmacokinetics Study Services
Drug Safety Evaluation Services

Disease Models

Feline Calicivirus (FCV) Infection Models
Murine Norovirus (MNV) Infection Models
Porcine Sapovirus (PSaV) Infection Models
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) Infection Models

A critical component of our service is the development and application of in vitro assays to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our vaccine and therapy candidates. These assays provide valuable data on the interaction between the therapeutic agents and the virus, guiding further optimization and development. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

References

Royall, Elizabeth, and Nicolas Locker. "Translational control during calicivirus infection." Viruses 8.4 (2016): 104.
Bergmann, Michèle, et al. "Antibody response to feline calicivirus vaccination in healthy adult cats." Viruses 11.8 (2019): 702.
Fumian, Tulio M., et al. "Potential therapeutic agents for feline calicivirus infection." Viruses 10.8 (2018): 433.

All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.