Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the disease class that is difficult to find in relation to the development of vaccines and therapeutics. The area correlates the work in virology and immunology. Our company is committed to advancing the fight against HFMD through innovative vaccine and therapeutic development services, ensuring we remain at the forefront of this field.
Overview of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
A highly infectious viral infection occurring predominantly in children younger than five years is known as the Hand foot and mouth disease which mostly manifests itself with a rash on the palm of the hand with a painful feeling on the fever of the lip. The disease is caused by subtypes of Enteroviruses, most commonly EV-A71 or Coxsackie A16. These are mild diseases and usually resolve spontaneously; however, they can affect a child's nervous system permanently and, in a few cases, cause death. Moreover, the disease is said to be one of the health threats in countries that have a high population density and poor health care systems.
Fig.1 Complications and sequelae of HFMD. (Zhu P., et al., 2023)
Vaccine Development for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
The inactivated EV-A71 vaccine has been established to have satisfactory clinical efficacy and safety during fitness locomotion. Furthermore, the use of polio inactivated poliovirus vaccines has made great strides, and this method has undergone modification in order to construct a HFMD candidate vaccine. A VLP which utilizes non-infecting particles to elicit a strong immune response which affords protection against multiple serotype enteroviruses is being developed as a novel technique for HFMD therapeutics.
Table 1 The status of HFMD vaccine development. (Bello A. M., et al., 2022)
| Vaccine Producers |
Culture Cell Lines |
Vaccine Strain |
Current Status |
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier |
| Beijing Vigoo (China) |
Vero |
FY7VP5/AH/CHN (C4) |
Phase III Completed, Production License Issued |
NCT01508247 |
| Sinovac (China) |
Vero |
H07 (C4) |
Phase III Completed, Production License Issued |
NCT01507857 |
| CAMS (China) |
KMB-17 |
FY (C4) |
Phase III Completed, Production License Issued |
NCT01569581 |
| NHRI (Taiwan) |
Vero |
E59 (B4) |
Phase II Completed
Phase III in Progress |
NCT02200237
NCT03865238 |
| Inviragen (Singapore) |
Vero |
INV21 (B2) |
Phase I Completed |
NCT01376479 |
Therapeutics Development for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Antiviral Therapies
The accelerated mutation rate of the hand foot and mouth sweaty disease will increase difficulties in designing therapeutic agents such as ribavirin, which is of only moderate efficacy premature obsolesence of human subject use setting triangulates greater concentration on ribavirin's efficacy. Its high therapeutic ratio and adverse effects curtail its applications There are many mi carried over from the antiviral drugs which remain. Further work is in progress utilizing Pathway or Specific Viral Protein Targeting aimed at that drug.
Immunomodulatory Therapies
Immunomodulatory therapies have become a point of interest owing to the risk of immune pathological damage in case of severe HFMD, and such therapeutics aim at modification of host immune response. Such approaches prevent tissue-destructive inflammation while still allowing viral clearance. With regards to passive immunity, IVIG therapy has proven effective to a certain extent in selected severe cases by mitigating the immune response.
Our Services
We have pioneered novel ideas applying our known strengths in the fields of virology, immunology, and molecular biology, and currently we are a frontrunner in the development of HFMD vaccines and therapies. Our company provides a comprehensive selection of services which includes but is not limited to:
- Human Immune System-Engrafted Mice: EV-A71 infection
- CA16 Virus Infection Animal Models
Infection route: intraperitoneal, oral, or respiratory
Our preclinical research services encompass a wide range of experimental designs and methodologies aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of HFMD and evaluating the safety and efficacy of potential vaccines and therapies. We utilize state-of-the-art laboratory facilities and animal models to conduct rigorous testing and analysis, ensuring that our clients have access to the most accurate and reliable data. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
References
- Zhu, Peiyu, et al. "Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease." Journal of biomedical science 30.1 (2023): 15.
- Bello, Aliyu Maje, and Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm. "Recent progress and advances towards developing enterovirus 71 vaccines for effective protection against human hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)." Biologicals 79 (2022): 1-9.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use
only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
