Plague is one of the most serious infectious diseases infamous for causing epidemics around the world that can lead to death and it is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Our firm provides detailed services in developing plague vaccines and therapeutics. Using modern technologies and thorough knowledge of Yersinia pestis , we strongly advocate driving the limits of plague prevention as well as therapeutics development.
Overview of Plague
Plague has been a biological pathogen all through human history with the Yersinia pestis bacterium as the infectious agent and has caused multiple pandemics that altered the course of human civilization. Plague has a complex multi stage process of infection, progresses through different forms of illness and has a high mortality rate which makes it a public health risk even in the present day. The underlying illness has a range of forms including bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague that tend to present distinct difficulties in diagnosis and therapeutics.
Fig.1 Different routes of interhuman transmission and human infection from plague sources. (Barbieri R., et al., 2020)
Vaccine Development for Plague
Subunit Vaccines
Studies have shown that subunit vaccines targeting specific antigens such as F1 capsular protein and LcrV protein for Yersinia pestis virulence appear to have potential in preclinical trials.
Live Attenuated Vaccines
In using live attenuated vaccines, weakened Yersinia pestis are deployed, which usually elicits an immune response similar to natural infection and has the potential to stimulate long lasting immunity.
DNA Vaccines
The use of plasmids encoding Yersinia pestis antigens is used in modern approaches in the development of DNA vaccines which is a relatively new method in vaccine development.
Vectored Vaccines
In the use of vectored vaccines, Yersinia pestis antigens are transferred using other viruses or bacteria; this method is more likely to stimulate immune response as these organisms are already effective at building/live eliciting mechanisms.
Therapeutics Development for Plague
Antibiotic Therapeutics
Antibiotics continue to dominate in the management of the plague. Currently, traditional agents like gentamicin and streptomycin still rank highly. Yet, due to the growing threat of multiresistant organisms, there is great demand to identify novel and novel acting antimicrobials.
Host-Directed Therapies
Targeting the alteration of the host reaction against an infection is the aim of the host directed therapy, while the pathogen itself is no longer the target. This can be through the administration of immunomodulatory molecules or procedures which boost the natural response to Yersinia pestis.
Our Services
The creation of robust plague vaccines and their therapeutics is an intricately complicated scientific process. The more we delve into Y. pestis biology and pathogenesis, the more we are able to formulate protective and therapeutic modalities. Our firm is actively engaged in the fight and has pledged its resources towards providing creative solutions.
Preclinical Research
- Drug Safety Evaluation
- In Vivo Pharmacokinetics Study
- In Vitro Pharmacokinetics Study
- Activity Testing
- Drug Resistance Evaluation
Disease Models
- African Green Monkey (AGM) Models
- Mouse Models: pgm(-) strains
- Brown Norway strain of Rattus norvegicus
- Cynomolgus Macaque Models
- African Green Monkey Models
- Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode) Models
- Flea Models (Xenopsylla cheopis)
Complementing our vaccine and therapy development efforts, we offer comprehensive plague preclinical research services to support the advancement of plague-related drug research and therapy development. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
References
- Barbieri, R., et al. "Yersinia pestis: the natural history of plague." Clinical microbiology reviews 34.1 (2020): 10-1128.
- Sun, Wei, and Amit K. Singh. "Plague vaccine: recent progress and prospects." npj Vaccines 4.1 (2019): 11.
- Yang, Ruifu. "Plague: recognition, treatment, and prevention." Journal of clinical microbiology 56.1 (2018): 10-1128.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use
only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
